/* benlauart.com — restored 2026
   A quiet, calligraphic-feeling site for the painter Ben Lau (Lau Tai-shing).
   Pure CSS, no fonts from CDNs, no JavaScript.  Intended to remain readable
   in any browser for as long as HTML is rendered. */

:root {
  --paper:        #f6f1e7;   /* warm cream / parchment */
  --paper-light:  #fbf8f1;   /* lighter cream for content surfaces */
  --paper-edge:   #e8ddc7;   /* sepia hairline */
  --ink:          #261d18;   /* warm dark brown — calligraphic ink */
  --ink-soft:     #5a4f48;
  --ink-muted:    #8b7e72;
  --seal:         #7a1f1f;   /* the deep maroon of Ben's name-stamp */
  --seal-glow:    #9a3030;
  --shadow:       rgba(38, 29, 24, 0.10);

  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Charter", "Sitka Text", "Cambria",
           Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  --measure: 64ch;

  --space-1: 0.5rem;
  --space-2: 1rem;
  --space-3: 1.5rem;
  --space-4: 2.5rem;
  --space-5: 4rem;
  --space-6: 6rem;
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  font-size: 17px;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-feature-settings: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "onum" 1;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
a   { color: var(--seal); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: border-color .15s ease, color .15s ease; }
a:hover, a:focus { color: var(--seal-glow); border-bottom-color: var(--seal-glow); }

/* ─── Header ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  background: var(--paper-light);
  padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-3) var(--space-3);
  text-align: center;
}
.site-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.6vw, 2.2rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.site-title a {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom: none;
}
.site-title a:hover { color: var(--seal); }
.site-subtitle {
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.stamp {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-2);
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

/* ─── Navigation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.site-nav {
  margin-top: var(--space-3);
  padding-top: var(--space-2);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
}
.site-nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
}
.site-nav a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-bottom: none;
  padding: 0.3rem 0;
}
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--seal);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--seal);
}

/* ─── Layout & content ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
main { padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-3); }

.prose, .narrow {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.wide {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.page-title {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.4rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-1);
}
.page-title::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 64px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--seal);
  margin: var(--space-3) auto 0;
}
.page-lede {
  text-align: center;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin: var(--space-2) auto var(--space-5);
  max-width: 56ch;
}

.prose p {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-3);
}
.prose p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  font-size: 3.4em;
  float: left;
  line-height: 0.9;
  margin: 0.04em 0.10em 0 0;
  color: var(--seal);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.prose blockquote {
  margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--seal);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.prose h2 {
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  margin: var(--space-5) 0 var(--space-2);
  text-align: center;
}
.prose h2::after {
  content: "·";
  display: block;
  color: var(--seal);
  margin-top: 0.2em;
}
.prose h3 {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  margin: var(--space-4) 0 var(--space-1);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

/* ─── Home page ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.hero {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}
.hero-stamp {
  width: 80px;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-3);
}
.hero-name {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin: 0;
}
.hero-name-cn {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.6em;
  color: var(--seal);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  margin-top: 0.4em;
  font-style: italic;
}
.hero-dates {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.hero-quote {
  max-width: 38ch;
  margin: var(--space-4) auto 0;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.hero-quote-attribution {
  display: block;
  margin-top: var(--space-1);
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.bio {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  align-items: start;
  max-width: 880px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.bio-portrait {
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  background: white;
  padding: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px var(--shadow);
}
.bio p { margin: 0 0 var(--space-2); }
.bio p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .bio { grid-template-columns: 1fr; max-width: 480px; }
  .bio-portrait { max-width: 280px; margin: 0 auto; }
}

/* Featured strip on home page */
.featured {
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
  text-align: center;
}
.featured-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-3);
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: var(--space-4) auto 0;
}
.featured-grid a {
  display: block;
  border-bottom: none;
}
.featured-grid img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  background: var(--paper-light);
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  transition: transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;
}
.featured-grid a:hover img,
.featured-grid a:focus img {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px var(--shadow);
}
.featured-grid figcaption {
  margin-top: var(--space-1);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

/* ─── Gallery ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.gallery-section { margin-bottom: var(--space-6); }
.gallery-section h2 {
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-1);
}
.gallery-section h2::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 32px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--seal);
  margin: 0.6em auto var(--space-4);
}

.gallery-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-4) var(--space-3);
}

.artwork {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0;
}
.artwork-frame {
  display: block;
  background: var(--paper-light);
  padding: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px var(--shadow);
  transition: box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;
  width: 100%;
}
.artwork-frame:hover,
.artwork-frame:focus {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--shadow);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
}
.artwork-frame img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}
.artwork figcaption {
  margin-top: var(--space-2);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.artwork-title {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.artwork-medium {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 0.2em;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* ─── Essay images (mixed inline) ────────────────────────────────────── */
.figure {
  margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  text-align: center;
}
.figure img {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: min(100%, 540px);
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  background: white;
  padding: 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px var(--shadow);
}
.figure figcaption {
  margin-top: var(--space-1);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.figure-pair {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-3);
  margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  align-items: end;
}

/* ─── Resume / CV ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.cv-section { margin-bottom: var(--space-4); }
.cv-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--seal);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  padding-bottom: 0.3em;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
  text-align: left;
}
.cv-section h2::after { content: none; }
.cv-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.cv-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4.5em 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  padding: 0.4em 0;
  font-size: 0.97rem;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--paper-edge);
}
.cv-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.cv-year {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums;
}

/* ─── Testimonials ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.testimonial {
  max-width: 64ch;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-5);
  text-align: center;
}
.testimonial-body {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.testimonial-attribution {
  margin-top: var(--space-2);
  font-style: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.testimonial-date {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.2em;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.testimonial::before {
  content: "“";
  display: block;
  font-size: 4rem;
  line-height: 0.5;
  color: var(--seal);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
  font-family: Georgia, var(--serif);
}

.letter-scan {
  margin: var(--space-4) auto;
  max-width: 720px;
  text-align: center;
}
.letter-scan img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 620px;
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  background: white;
  padding: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px var(--shadow);
}
.letter-scan figcaption {
  margin-top: var(--space-1);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}

/* ─── Memorial ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.memorial {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.memorial-stamp {
  width: 96px;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-4);
}
.memorial p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.memorial-quote {
  font-style: italic;
  margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  color: var(--seal);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.memorial-dates {
  margin-top: -0.4rem;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.memorial-link-card {
  display: block;
  margin: var(--space-5) auto;
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
  max-width: 48ch;
  background: var(--paper-light);
  border: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--seal);
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  transition: box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;
}
.memorial-link-card:hover,
.memorial-link-card:focus {
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px var(--shadow);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: var(--paper-edge);
  border-left-color: var(--seal-glow);
  color: var(--ink);
}
.memorial-link-eyebrow {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.memorial-link-handle {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--seal);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  font-style: italic;
}
.memorial-link-body {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}
.memorial-link-cta {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--seal);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

/* ─── Instagram memorial section ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.memorial-instagram {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: var(--space-6) auto;
  padding: 0 var(--space-3);
  text-align: center;
}
.memorial-instagram h2 {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-1);
}
.memorial-instagram h2::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 32px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--seal);
  margin: 0.6em auto var(--space-3);
}
.memorial-instagram-intro {
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-4);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.memorial-instagram-intro a strong { font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; }

/* Grid: hosts the Instagram blockquotes. They auto-size to the post's
   aspect ratio.  We allow up to 2 columns on wide viewports. */
.instagram-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  justify-items: center;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 540px;
}
@media (min-width: 880px) {
  .instagram-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 540px));
    max-width: 1100px;
    align-items: start;
  }
}
.instagram-grid blockquote.instagram-media,
.instagram-grid iframe.instagram-media,
.instagram-grid iframe[src*="instagram.com"] {
  margin: 0 !important;
  min-width: 0 !important;
  max-width: 540px !important;
  width: 100% !important;
}
/* Empty-state hint when no posts are embedded yet (visible only when
   the grid has no children, i.e. before any <blockquote> is added). */
.instagram-grid:empty::before {
  content: "Posts will appear here once embedded.";
  display: block;
  padding: var(--space-4);
  border: 1px dashed var(--paper-edge);
  background: var(--paper-light);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 540px;
  text-align: center;
}
.memorial-instagram-cta {
  margin-top: var(--space-4);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.memorial-instagram-cta a {
  color: var(--seal);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}
.memorial-instagram-cta a:hover {
  border-bottom-color: var(--seal);
}

/* ─── Writing hub ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.writing-list {
  padding-top: var(--space-2);
}
.writing-entry {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  padding: var(--space-4) 0;
}
.writing-entry:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.writing-entry:last-child  { border-bottom: none; }
.writing-entry h2 {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin: 0 0 0.3em;
  text-align: left;
}
.writing-entry h2::after { content: none; }
.writing-entry h2 a {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}
.writing-entry h2 a:hover { color: var(--seal); border-bottom-color: var(--seal); }
.writing-meta {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.10em;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-2);
}
.writing-entry > p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 0.97rem;
}
/* suppress drop-cap on these short description paragraphs */
.writing-entry > p::first-letter { font-size: inherit; float: none; margin: 0; color: inherit; }

/* ─── Footer ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.site-footer {
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
  padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-3);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--paper-edge);
  background: var(--paper-light);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.site-footer p { margin: 0.4em 0; }
.site-footer a { color: var(--ink-soft); border-bottom-color: var(--paper-edge); }
.site-footer a:hover { color: var(--seal); border-bottom-color: var(--seal); }

/* ─── Print ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media print {
  body { background: white; color: black; }
  .site-nav, .site-footer, .featured { display: none; }
  a { color: inherit; border-bottom: none; }
  .artwork-frame { box-shadow: none; }
}